TOEFL Strategies. A Complete Guide to the iBT.

Nova Press: 2016, - 408 p.

TOEFL students all ask: How can I get a high TOEFL iBT score? Answer: Learn argument scoring strategies. Why? Because the TOEFL iBT recycles opinion-based and fact-based arguments for testing purposes from start to finish. In other words, the TOEFL iBT is all arguments. That's right, all arguments. If you want a high score, you need essential argument scoring strategies. That is what TOEFL STRATEGIES A COMPLETE GUIDE gives you, and more! TEST-PROVEN STRATEGIES: Learn essential TOEFL iBT scoring strategies developed in American university classrooms and proven successful on the TOEFL iBT. RHETORICAL ANALYSIS: Learn how to maximize scoring by rhetorically analyzing all reading, listening, speaking and writing tasks. ARGUMENT RECYCLING: Learn how the TOEFL iBT recycles opinion-based and fact-based arguments for testing purposes in all four test sections. ARGUMENT MAPPING: Learn how to apply the strategy called argument mapping to all TOEFL tasks for maximum scoring.

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Contents
TOEFL Facts 8
TheTOEFL iBT 8
Task Order 9
What does the TOEFL iBT measure? 9
Topics ->TOEFL is a Teaching Test 9
Can I fail TOEFL? 10
What TOEFL iBT score do I need? 10
How important is TOEFL? 10
What is the SAT? 10
How do I register for TOEFL? 10
How should I prepare for TOEFL? 10
A NEW APPROACH TO THE TOEFL iBT 11
TheTOEFL iBT is all Arguments 11
Argument Mapping with G+3TiC=C 11
TOEFL iBT Argument Chart 12
WRITING SECTION -> Building a Foundation 13
What is an Argument? 13
Your Passive and Active English Vocabularies 13
Proficiency = Coherence 14
Rhetorical Strategies 14
What is a Reason? 15
Starting an Argument -> Subjective Thesis 16
Subjective-Thesis Checklist 16
Subjective Thesis -> No Signal Phrase 17
Subjective Thesis -> Well-Developed 17
INDEPENDENT WRITING TASK 18
Word Count -> Topic Development 21
OPDUL=C ^Rating this Task 21
Holistic vs. Analytical Rating Systems 23
Rating an Independent Essay 23
Rewriting 24
Developing the Introduction -> Hooks 24
Developing the Conclusion -> Strategies 25
G+3TiC=C + OPDUL=C -> Formula + Proof 27
• Independent Essay -> Step-by-Step 27
Paired-Choice Prompts 27
Single-Question Prompts 28
Common Problems for this Task 29
Predictor Thesis 32
Thesis Development -> Using Synonyms 33
• Sample Independent Essays -> G+3TiC=C 34
Agree-Disagree Essay 34
Preference Essay 35
Compare-Contrast Essay 35
Advantage-Disadvantage Essay 36
Advantage Essay 36
Disadvantage Essay 37
Reason Essay 38
Quality Essay 38
Contrarian Essay 39
Writing Practice 40
INTEGRATED-WRITING TASK 41
Reading and Lecture -> Analysis 41
Pro-Con Format 42
• Integrated Summary -> Step-by-Step 42
Listening Strategies -> How to Listen 46
Writing -> Point-by-Point Style 49
Writing -^ Block Style 50
OPDUL=C -^ Rating this Task 50
Rating an Integrated Summary 52
Paraphrasing 53
Common Problems for this Task 54
• Show-Support Writing Task 57
Integrated-Writing Practice 58
Calculating Your Writing-Section Score 65
SPEAKING SECTION 66
• Tasks #1 + #2 -> Independent Speaking 66
G+3TiC=C ^ G+TiC=C 67
Speaking Tasks #1 + #2 -> Step-by-Step 68
OPDUL=C ^ Rating this Task 70
Introduction and Conclusion Strategies 71
G+2TiC=C 72
Develop Transitions (T) 73
How Long Should My Response Be? 73
Common Problems for this Task 74
Help! - My Response is Too Long! 76
Help! - My Response is Too Short! 77
Sample Responses 78
Speaking Practice 81
• Task #3 -> Integrated Speaking 82
Speaking Task #3 -> Step-by-Step 82
OPDUL=C -> Rating this Task 88
How Long Should My Response Be? 89
Common Problems for this Task , 90
Help! -> My Response is Too Long! 91
Help! -> My Response is Too Short! 92
Speaking Practice 93
• Task #4 -> Integrated Speaking 97
Speaking Task #4 -> Step-by-Step 97
Note-Taking 98
OPDUL=C -> Rating This Task 104
How Long Should My Response Be? 104
Common Problems for this Task 105
Help! -> My Response is Too Long! 105
Help! -> My Response is Too Short! 105
Speaking Practice 106
• Task #5 -> Integrated Speaking 109
Speaking Task #5 -> Step-by-Step 109
OPDUL=C ^ Rating This Task 112
How Long Should My Response Be? 113
Common Problems for this Task 113
Help! -> My Response is Too Long! 115
Help! -> My Response is Too Short! 116
Speaki ng Practice 118
• Task #6 -> Integrated Speaking 120
Speaking Task #6 -> Step-by-Step 120
OPDUL=C -> Rating This Task 125
How Long Should My Response Be? 125
Common Problems for this Task 125
Help! -> My Response is Too Long! 126
Help! -> My Response is Too Short! 127
Speaking Practice 128
Calculating Your Speaking-Section Score 130
LISTENING SECTION 131
Listening Section -> All Arguments 131
Conversation Prompts 131
• Office-Hours Conversation 132
Introduction Analysis -> Noting General Ideas 132
Body Analysis -> Noting Specific Ideas 133
Conclusion Analysis -> Noting General Ideas 135
Rejoinders -> Identifying Topic Transitions 135
How to Listen -> Visualize the Argument 135
Sample Office-Hours Conversation -> Questions 136
1. Content Questions 137
Practice: Content Questions 140
2. Purpose Questions 141
Practice: Purpose Questions 143
3. Detail Questions: Single-Answer 144
Practice: Single-Answer Detail Questions 145
4. Detail Questions: Multi-Answer 146
Practice: Multi-Answer Detail Questions 148
5. Function Questions: Authentic-Speech Patterns 149
a. Tone 150
b. Hesitation 151
с Self-Correction 151
d. Repetition 152
e. Restatement 153
f. Idioms 154
g. Homophone Distractor 154
Practice: Question-First Function Questions 156
Practice: Segment-First Function Questions 157
6. Direct-Attitude Questions 158
Practice: Direct-Attitude Questions 160
7. Inferred-Attitude Questions 161
Practice: Inferred-Attitude Questions 163
8. Inferred-Action Questions 164
Practice: Inferred-Action Questions 165
• Service-Encounter Conversations 166
How to Listen -> Visualize the Argument 166
Sample Service-Encounter Conversation -> Questions 167
1. Practice: Content Questions 168
2. Practice: Purpose Questions 169
3. Practice: Single-Answer Detail Questions 170
4. Practice: Multi-Answer Detail Questions 171
5. Practice: Question-First Function Questions 172
6. Practice: Segment-First Function Questions 173
7. Practice: Direct-Attitude Questions 174
8. Practice: Inferred-Attitude Questions 175
9. Practice: Inferred-Action Questions 176
• Lecture -> Professor-Only 177
Lecture Analysis -> Noting General and Specific Ideas 177
How to Listen -> Visualize the Argument 179
Sample Lecture -> Questions 180
1. Practice: Content Questions 182
2. Practice: Purpose Questions 183
3. Practice: Single-Answer Detail Questions 184
4. Practice: Multi-Answer Detail Questions 185
5. Practice: Question-First Function Questions 186
6. Practice: Segment-First Function Questions 188
7. Practice: Direct-Attitude Questions 189
8. Practice: Inferred-Attitude Questions 190
9. Practice: Inferred-Action Questions 191
Ordering Questions 192
Practice: Ordering Questions 192
Yes-No Questions 194
Practice: Yes-No Questions 194
Connecting Questions 197
Practice: Connecting Questions 198
• Discussion -> Professor-Students 200
Discussion Analysis -> Noting General and Specific Ideas 200
How to Listen -> Visualize the Argument 203
Sample Discussion -> Questions 204
Practice: Discussion #1 206
Practice: Discussion #2 208
READING SECTION 210
TOEFL Recycles 210
Short Reading Test 210
Short Reading Test Questions 212
• Question Types 216
Multiple-Choice Questions 216
Sentence-Insertion Questions 217
Summary-Completion Questions 218
Complete-a-Table Questions 219
• Fact Questions -> Strategies 220
Reading Strategies 220
Scan for Question Signal-Words 221
Skim for Question Signal-Words 221
Skimming and Scanning 222
Practice #1: Fact Questions 224
Practice #2: Fact Questions 227
• Vocabulary Questions -> Strategies 230
Practice #1: Vocabulary Questions 234
Practice #2: Vocabulary Questions 237
• Negative-Fact Questions -> Strategies 240
Practice #1: Negative-Fact Questions 242
Practice #2: Negative-Fact Questions 245
• Inference Questions -> Strategies 248
Practice #1: Inference Questions 250
Practice #2: Inference Questions 252
• Rhetorical-Purpose Questions -> Strategies 255
Practice #1: Rhetorical-Purpose Questions 258
Practice #2: Rhetorical-Purpose Questions 261
• Reference Questions -> Strategies 264
Practice: Reference Questions 266
• Sentence-Simplification Questions -> Strategies 269
Practice #1: Sentence-Simplification Questions 273
Practice #2: Sentence-Simplification Questions 276
• Sentence-Insertion Questions -> Strategies 285
Practice: Sentence-Insertion Questions 292
• Prose-Summary Questions -> Strategies 296
Practice #1: Prose-Summary Questions 299
Practice #2: Prose-Summary Questions 301
• Complete-a-Table Questions -> Strategies 307
Practice #1: Complete-a-Table Questions 310
Practice #2: Complete-a-Table Questions 312
ANSWER KEY 318
Scoring Multi-Answer Questions 328
Independent Writing -> Proficiency Checklist 329
Independent Writing -> Rating Guide 330
Integrated Writing -> Proficiency Checklist 331
Integrated Writing -> Rating Guide 332
Independent Speaking -> Proficiency Checklist 333
Independent Speaking -> Rating Guide 334
Integrated Speaking -> Proficiency Checklist 335
Integrated Speaking -> Rating Guide 336
AUDIO SCRIPTS 337
Typing Test 405
DOWNLOAD AUDIO FILES 407

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