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George
Washington, the first American president, was born in 1732 in
Westmoreland County. He trained as a surveyor, and at the age of
20 he was appointed adjutant in the militia. For the next three
years, he fought in the wars against the French and Indians. In
1759, he resigned from the militia, married and settled down as
a gentleman farmer at Mount Vernon. As a militiaman, Washington
had been exposed to the arrogance of the British officers, and
his experience as a planter with British commercial restrictions
increased his anti-British sentiment. He became prominent in
organizing resistance. A delegate to the Continental Congress,
Washington was selected as commander in chief of the Continental
Army in 1775. He was in charge of inexperienced and badly
equipped army and had little or no support of the Congress. That
is why he chose the policy of wearing the British troops down by
harassing tactics. His able generalship and the French alliance
brought the war to a conclusion. In October 1781 the British
army surrendered.
The chaotic years
under the Articles of Confederation led Washington to return to
public life in the hope of promoting the formation of a strong
central government. He presided over the Constitutional
Convention and yielded to the universal demand that he serve as
first president.
He was
inaugurated on April 30,1789, in New York, the first national
capital. In office, he tried to unite the nation and establish
the authority of the new government at home and abroad.
Washington was unanimously reelected in 1792, his second term
was dominated by the Federalists. His Farewell Address on
September 17, 1796 (published but never delivered) warned
against 'permanent alliances' with foreign powers. He died at
Mount Vernon on December 14, 1799.
Translate the
following sentences into English.
1. Вашингтон учился на землемера, затем был назначен
адъютантом милиционной армии, где испытал на себе высокомерие
британских офицеров, затем ушел в отставку и стал
фермером-землевладельцем.
2. Его антибританские настроения усилились, и он выдвинулся на
первый план в организации антибританского сопротивления.
3. Он был выбран делегатом на Континентальный конгресс и избран
(назначен) главнокомандующим Континентальной армии.
4. Будучи во главе неопытной и плохо оснащенной армии, он избрал
политику изматывания британских войск путем применения
изнуряющей тактики.
5. Его искусное руководство и союз с Францией привели к
капитуляции Британской армии, и война закончилась.
6. Политика Вашингтона была направлена на формирование сильного
центрального правительства.
7. Он встал во главе Конституционного конвента, уступил
всеобщему требованию стать первым президентом и был торжественно
введен в эту должность, а позже переизбран.
8. Он пытался объединить нацию и установить власть нового
правительства.
1. Washington trained as a surveyor, then was
appointed adjutant in the militia, where he was exposed to the
arrogance of the British officers, then resigned from it and
settled down as a gentleman farmer.
2. His anti-British sentiment increased, and he became prominent
in organizing anti-British resistance.
3. He was elected a delegate to the continental congress and
selected as a commander in Chief of the Continental Army.
4. Being in charge of inexperienced and badly equipped army, he
chose the policy of wearing the British troops down by harassing
tactics.
5. His able generalship and the French alliance resulted in
surrendering of the British army, which brought the war to a
conclusion.
6. George Washington's policy was aimed at promoting the
formation of a strong central government.
7. He presided over the Constitutional Convention, yielded to
the universal demand that he serve as first president and was
inaugurated and later reelected.
8. He tried to unite the nation and establish the authority of
the new government.
Из пособия "ЕГЭ. Английский язык.
Устные темы" Занина Е.Л. (2010, 272с.) - Part
two.
Additional topics.
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