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AUSTRALIA
Australia is an island continent in the southern hemisphere.
It is washed by the Indian Ocean in the west and the Pacific
Ocean in the east. The territory is not very big with the
population more than eighteen million people.
The climate of the country is very hot. The biggest part of
Australia lies in the tropical belt. It rains heavily in summer,
but it's very hot, too.
Northeast coast of the country is protected by the Great Barrier
Reef, and in the east there is the Great Dividing Range with
Mount Kosciusko, the highest mountain of Australia.
The deepest river in Australia is the Murray River and the
Darling is the longest one. In desert regions there are salt
lakes like Lake Eyre. The inner part of Australia is occupied by
deserts. The most famous ones are Desert Victoria and Gibson's
Desert. In the west semi-deserts turn into savannahs.
The plant life of Australia varies. There are desert grasses,
scrub, eucalyptus, acacias and others. Australian animals are
unique, they can not be found in any other place of the Earth.
For example, kangaroos, koalas, Tasmanian devils, echidnas,
platypuses, dingos and others.
Australia is a member of the Commonwealth. It is a federation of
6 states and 2 territories. A governor heads each state.
Australia is a constitutional monarchy with the Queen of Great
Britain (Elizabeth II) as the head of the state. The head of
government is Prime Minister. The national currency is the
Australian dollar.
English is the official language of Australia. There are also a
lot of aboriginal languages and dialects in Australia.
The capital of Australia is Canberra which is often called the
Garden City because of its streets lined with trees. Other world
famous cities are Sydney and Melbourne. Sydney is the largest
city-port called the Queen City of the South. It is Australian
main commercial and industrial centre. Sydney Opera House in
Sydney is considered to be one of the most beautiful buildings
in the world.
Australia is an industrial country rich in coal, gas, oil, ores,
gold, opals. It is an agricultural country, too. Most food
products are produced for exporting. Australia is number one in
producing lamb meat and sheep wool. Bee-keeping is developed as
well.
Australia is a very interesting country with rich culture and
strange animals. I would love to go there one day.
Vocabulary:
aboriginal [агЬэ'пёзэгй] аборигенский
acacia [э'кеф] акация
bee-keeping ['bi:ki:pirj] пчеловодство
city-port [sitipo:t] город-порт
constitutional [ktmsti'tjujbnl конституционная
monarchy 'mtmaki] монархия
currency ['kvransi] валюта
dingo ['dmgau] динго
echidna [e'kidna] ехидна
eucalyptus [juka'hptas] эвкалипт
export ['ekspo:t] экспорт
island continent ['ailand'kttntmant] островной континент
lamb meat ['lcem(m)i:t] мясо ягненка
oil [oil] нефть
opal ['эир(э)1] опал (драгоценный камень)
ore [о:] руда
platypus ['pketrpas] утконос
scrub [skrAb] кустарник, поросль
sheep wool ['Д:р\уи1] овечья шерсть
southern hemisphere ['sAdan'hemisfia] южное полушарие
tropical belt ['ггоргЦэДЬеп] тропический пояс
unique [ju:'ni:k] уникальный
vary [Vean] разниться, отличаться
Questions:
1. What kind of a continent is Australia and where is it
situated?
2. What can you tell about Australian climate?
3. Are there any rivers and lakes in the country?
4. What kinds of plants and animals are there in Australia?
5. What can you tell about Australian political system?
6. What is the capital of the country?
7. Why can Australia be called an industrial and agricultural
country?
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